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I processi immunitari possono favorire l’obesità

Seguire una dieta ipercalorica anche per un periodo limitato, può provocare gravi conseguenze sul sistema immunitario e determinare il decorso dell’obesità. E’ quanto emerge da uno studio tedesco condotto dall’Università Ludwig-Maximilians e pubblicato sul Journal of Immunology. Nel testo la ricercatrice Susanne Stutte, a capo del gruppo di lavoro, spiega come “un particolare tipo di cellule immunitarie, note come cellule dendritiche plasmacitoidi”, si accumuli nel tessuto adiposo viscerale. Infatti a seguito di una dieta altamente caloria, all’interno di questo tessuto adiposo, presente nell’addome, gruppi di cellule immunitarie creano strutture che, a loro volta, innescano risposte immunitarie fatali. “Queste cellule dendritiche plasmocidi nel grasso viscerale sono in uno stato di allarme costante e rilasciano l’interferone di tipo I”, spiega la studiosa Barbara Walzog. Normalmente l’interferone media il controllo delle infezioni ma in questo caso invece, attiva la sindrome metabolica. Bloccando la migrazione di queste cellule nel grasso, gli scienziati hanno osservato una riduzione del peso corporeo e un miglioramento della condizione metabolica. I dati potrebbero dunque contribuire allo sviluppo di nuovi approcci terapeutici della sindrome metabolica.

Quest’ultima è una condizione in cui sono presenti diversi fattori di rischio metabolici come sovrappeso e obesità, intolleranza glucidica (elevata presenza di glucosio nel sangue), ipertensione arteriosa e dislipidemia (elevati livelli nel sangue di lipidi e una bassa concentrazione di colesterolo “buono”). La sindrome metabolica incrementa non solo il rischio cardiovascolare, ma anche il possibile sviluppo di alcune forme di cancro. Tuttavia l’esercizio fisico, una riduzione del peso e una dieta adeguata possono prevenirla senza l’utilizzo di farmaci.

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